Economy

Topics in the Economy category of the the country japan knowledge base.

| Topic | Description | |——-|————-| | Bank of Japan | The central bank of Japan, founded in 1882, whose monetary policy shaped the postwar economy, the 1980s asset bubble, the deflationary Lost Decades, and the current normalization. | | Technology & Manufacturing | Japan’s postwar industrial miracle — MITI industrial policy, the Toyota Production System, consumer-electronics giants, the DRAM wars, and the bubble and Lost Decade that followed. | | 1980s Bubble Economy | The unprecedented asset-price inflation of 1986–1989, when the Nikkei peaked at 38,915, and the historic collapse that triggered the banking crisis and the deflationary Lost Decades. | | Lost Decade & Deflation | Japan’s post-bubble stagnation (1990s–2000s)—the balance-sheet recession, banking crisis, and entrenched deflation that pioneered ZIRP and quantitative easing and reshaped labor and monetary policy. | | Postwar Recovery & Economic Growth | Japan’s rise from wartime ruin to the world’s second-largest economy (1945–1970)—the Allied occupation reforms, the Dodge Line, the Korean War boom, MITI industrial policy, and the high-growth “economic miracle.” | | Japanese Financial System | The institutions of Japanese finance—the three megabanks and regional banks, the insurance and pension systems (including the world’s largest pension fund, the GPIF), the Tokyo securities markets, the 1990s banking crisis, the “Big Bang” deregulation, and post-2012 Abenomics reforms. | | Financial Sector Regulation | Japan’s regulatory framework for financial institutions—the Financial Services Agency (FSA), Basel capital standards and stress testing, the 1990s banking-crisis reforms and the Takenaka Plan, the 1996–2001 “Big Bang” deregulation, regional-bank consolidation, and the modern macroprudential, crypto, and stablecoin regimes. | | Labor Market & Employment | Japan’s labor market—the postwar lifetime-employment and seniority-wage system, the 1990s shift to precarious work, freeters and NEETs, Shunto wage rounds, Womenomics and the gender wage gap, karoshi overwork deaths, demographic decline, and the 2019 Work Style Reform. |